He further explained this story in his book “ Visible learning for teachers“. He found that the key to making a difference was making teaching and learning visible. He also tells the story underlying the data. (The updated list also includes the classroom.) But Hattie did not only provide a list of the relative effects of different influences on student achievement. Originally, Hattie studied six areas that contribute to learning: the student, the home, the school, the curricula, the teacher, and teaching and learning approaches. Therefore he decided to judge the success of influences relative to this ‘hinge point’, in order to find an answer to the question “What works best in education?” Hattie found that the average effect size of all the interventions he studied was 0.40. In his ground-breaking study “ Visible Learning” he ranked 138 influences that are related to learning outcomes from very positive effects to very negative effects. John Hattie developed a way of synthesizing various influences in different meta-analyses according to their effect size (Cohen’s d).
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